Testis and Epididymis: Vascular Disturbances -Testicular Torsion

Vascular disturbances : Testicular torsion
Torsion occurs secondary to twisting of the spermatic cord, resulting in venous obstruction.
Arteries may also be occluded but often remain patent due to thicker walls.
Torsion typically occurs in patients with preexisting structural lesions, such as incompletely descended testis, absence of scrotal ligaments, or testicular atrophy.
Torsion is generally precipitated by physical trauma or other violent movement.
Changes range from congestion and interstitial hemorrhage to extensive hemorrhagic necrosis, depending on the duration and severity of the process.